Trauma-informed Incredible Years Approaches & Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Supporting Children Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences

Abstract

In recent years, we have come to better understand how adversity shapes children’s development—emotionally, socially, and biologically. These stressful or traumatic experiences are often referred to as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).

ACEs can include physical or sexual abuse, neglect, witnessing domestic violence, parental substance abuse, incarceration, loss of a loved one, separation or divorce, and exposure to disasters (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic, tornados, floods or earthquakes) or war. For many families, the effects of COVID-19 are ongoing, with continued stress, disruption, and uncertainty affecting both parents and children.

Children exposed to these experiences may develop heightened fear, anxiety, aggressive behavior, or negative thinking patterns. In my clinical work, I have often seen that these children are also coping with loss of important relationships, which can deepen the impact of the trauma.

Research shows that higher exposure to ACEs is associated with long-term risks to both mental and physical health. Children with multiple ACEs are at increased risk for later substance use, involvement in violence, and other health-harming behaviors.

At the same time, I have seen these outcomes are not inevitable. When children and families are supported early with effective, relationship-based interventions, I have seen remarkable resilience emerge and developmental trajectories shift in positive directions.

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