Article 

DATE: 6/15/2010 
CONTACT: Incredible Years (888) 506-3562 
CATEGORY: Treatment Study 
REFERENCE: Gardner, F., Hutchings, J., Bywater, T., and Whitaker, C. 2010. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. DOI: 10:1080/15374416.2010.486315 

Who Benefits and How Does It Work? Moderators and Mediators of Outcome in an Effectiveness Trial of a Parenting Intervention 

Our study suggests that Incredible Years parenting programs can be as effective, or even more so, with the most disadvantaged and distressed families. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study to replicate and extend these findings in a multiagency effectiveness trial. This is significant because it means that nonspecialist staff working in a range of community services, who are neither part of a specialist team nor part of the program developer’s team can implement this program and achieve good outcomes even with the most hard-toreach families in a low-income community. 

There is a modest but growing literature in the parenting field, based on secondary analysis of randomized trials suggesting that change in observed positive parenting skill may be an important predictor of change in child outcome. Furthermore, several studies suggest that, at least in early childhood, positive rather than negative parenting may be a developmentally more important predictor of child problem behavior outcome, based on converging evidence from both randomized intervention trials and longitudinal studies of natural development. We chose to focus on overt parenting skill as a postulated intervention mechanism, because this is consistent with the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive-behavioral parenting interventions, which assume that parenting skill is the primary mechanism underlying both development and change in children’s conduct problems.

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