Article 

DATE: 1/1/2007 
CONTACT: Judy Hutchings, PhD. The Bangor Child Behaviour Project, Wales. 
CATEGORY: Independent Replication 
REFERENCE: Jones, K., Daley, D., Hutchings, J., Bywater, T., & Catrin Eames, C. 2007. Child Care: Health and Development (accepted for publication). 

Efficacy of The Incredible Years Basic Parent Training Programme as an early intervention for children with Conduct problems and ADHD 

The efficacy of the Incredible Years Basic parent training programme for a community-based sample of families with pre-school children at risk of developing both conduct problems (CP) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was examined. 

Findings from this study indicate that the Incredible Years Parent Training programme is a valuable intervention for many pre-school children displaying early signs of ADHD.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994) is characterised by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity, and over activity (APA, 1994; Barkley, 1997). These problems typically emerge in early childhood, are relatively persistent, and result in cross-situational impairment (e.g. at home and at school; APA, 1994). The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed; DSM-IV) specifies three subtypes of ADHD: predominantly inattentive subtype; predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype; or combined subtype. Problems must be evident in two or more settings (e.g. home and school), and the child must show significant impairment in social, school, or work functioning (APA, 1994; 2000). Prevalence estimates indicate that between 3-6% of school-aged children meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD (APA, 1994; 2000; Szatmari, 1992).

Left untreated, the long-term prognosis for these children is poor. Children with ADHD are at a much greater risk of experiencing problems in the educational, personal and social domains (Daley, 2006). Children with ADHD are also at a heightened risk of developing conduct problems, substance abuse, and interpersonal and occupational difficulties that can persist into adulthood (Manuzza et al., 1991; Taylor et al., 1996).

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